knowware: the third star after hardware and software

	knowware: the third star after hardware and software
	Bell David; Jiang Ying; Lu Ruqian; Su Kaile; Zhang Songmao
	2009
会议名称	3rd International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2009
会议录名称	Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
页码	3-
会议日期	40849
会议地点	Vienna, Austria
收录类别	其他
出版地	Germany
出版者	Germany
ISSN	3029743
ISBN	3642104878
部门归属	(1) School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; (2) Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; (3) Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; (4) School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, China
摘要	Ruqian Lu first presented the notion of knowware in 2005 through his IEEE Intelligent Systems paper entitled "From hardware to software to knowware: ITs third liberation?". He further elaborated the notion in the book "Kowware, the third star after hardware and software", published in 2007 by Polimetrica. Lu defines knowware as an independent and commercialized knowledge module that is computer operable, but free of any built-in control mechanism (in particular, not bund to any software), meeting some industrial standards and embeddable in software and/or hardware. Lu proposes to separate knowledge from software, and that knowware, software and hardware should be considered as three equally important underpinnings of IT industry. © 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
关键词	Computer Software
语种	英语
内容类型	会议论文
URI标识	http://ir.iscas.ac.cn/handle/311060/8504
专题	基础软件与系统重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bell David,Jiang Ying,Lu Ruqian,et al. knowware: the third star after hardware and software[C]. Germany:Germany,2009:3-.

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